The Iranian Electronic commerce Act has accepted the formation of any evidence in the form of data message. Therefore, document, testimony, oath and confession are capable of being electronically formed. Notwithstanding this, the possibility of formation of evidence in the form of data message is different from the issue of presenting electronic evidence in courts. Electronic document can be presented to court by using the maintaining means of recording. Testimony must be physically presented in court, thus testimonies that are recordec in this means may only have a presumptive value. If a confession is presented by means of electronic instruments and in the form of online communication, it seems to be considered as a confession made in the court.

In the introductory stages of language learning, students are exposed to COMPARATIVE FORMS explicitly taught in their textbooks. As Knoch (2004) mentioned, this is accomplished by teaching the COMPARATIVE form of the adjective generally directly followed by a than clause. This study aimed to compare differences between native and nonnative material developers with regard to the coverage of COMPARATIVE FORMS. In doing so, two corpora of high school books and Interchanges were developed and juxtaposed. The data were gathered by scanning the books and converting them into computerized FORMS. The data were then analyzed by the frequency percentages of the FORMS and further examined and compared as well. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between the two corpora with regard to the coverage of COMPARATIVE FORMS.

Purpose: Managers are one of the important elements of an organization, for this reason, in order to draw the future of the organization, it is necessary for the planners to specify the conditions of their selection and appointment. Therefore, the current research has been done with the aim of identifying and analyzing the components of selecting future principals.Method: In this research, COMPARATIVE and benchmarking method is used as a prospective approach. This approach is based on the belief that today's advanced organizations/countries can be considered as a model for the future of another organization/countries in their respective subjects. For this, first, the fields of comparison and benchmarking were determined using Brody's four-step comparison method; then the countries of Canada, Finland, Australia, South Africa, and Japan were selected according to the qualitative balance value in the international advanced TEAMS test, human development index, life quality index(health, instruction, and welfare), education quality index, and other scientific-scholarly indexes; finally, by extracting the criteria for the selection and appointment of principals through content analysis and comparison with Iran, the proposed framework for Iran has been presented.Findings: A total of 61 components for the selection of secondary school principals were identified from among the studies conducted in the selected countries in this article. By extracting the commonalities and differences of each of the components among the countries, it was found that the highest index of manager selection and appointment belongs to Japan and the lowest one is related to Finland.Conclusion: There are similarities between the components of selection of principals of secondary schools in Iran and selected countries. In Iran, special attention should be paid to important components such as adherence to religious principles, appropriate personality traits, creativity and innovation, motivation to develop capabilities, professional growth, power of supervision and accountability, social image, leader skills, and purposefulness and foresight.

Nowadays, in commercial contracts, parties communicate with together using standard FORMS. Both the party's standards FORMS usually contain a description of the subject-matter, the price, the quantity and the delivery terms. Such a situation is called the Battle of FORMS. In such a case some questions are raised. Does the exchange of the conflicting FORMS create a contract? If so, what are the contract terms? Does performance form the contract? If so, what are the contract terms? Some legal systems and international instruments contain solutions for the battle of FORMS, but in the absence of specific provisions the problem is usually resolved by the general principles on formation of contracts. In this article we examine some important legal systems point of view and then we express the position of international instruments including CISG, UPICC, PECL and DCFR in this regard.

The objective of present research was to design, evaluate and compare drug release from two different dosage FORMS in pulsatile drug delivery system (DDS) for Metoprolol tartarate (MT) as tablet and capsule. Pulsatile systems are gaining a lot of interest as they deliver the drug at the right site of action at the right time and in the right amount, thus providing spatial and temporal delivery and increasing patient compliance. These systems are designed according to the circadian rhythm of the body. The principle rationale for the use of pulsatile release is for the drugs where a constant drug release, i.e., a zero-order release is not desired. The release of the drug as a pulse after a lag time has to be designed in such a way that a complete and rapid drug release follows the lag time. Conclusively, the current study attained the successful comparison of drug release from two different pulsatile drug delivery systems.

Automatic topic detection seems unavoidable in social media analysis due to big text data which their users generate. Clustering-based methods are one of the most important and up-to-date categories in topic detection. The goal of this research is to have a wide study on this category. Therefore, this paper aims to study the main components of clustering-based-topic-detection, which are embedding methods, distance metrics, and clustering algorithms. Transfer learning and consequently pretrained language models and word embeddings have been considered in recent years. Regarding the importance of embedding methods, the efficiency of five new embedding methods, from earlier to recent ones, are compared in this paper. To conduct our study, two commonly used distance metrics, in addition to five important clustering algorithms in the field of topic detection, are implemented by the authors. As COVID-19 has turned into a hot trending topic on social networks in recent years, a dataset including one-month tweets collected with COVID-19-related hashtags is used for this study. More than 7500 experiments are performed to determine tunable parameters. Then all combinations of embedding methods, distance metrics and clustering algorithms (50 combinations) are evaluated using Silhouette metric. Results show that T5 strongly outperFORMS other embedding methods, cosine distance is weakly better than other distance metrics, and DBSCAN is superior to other clustering algorithms.

The completion mode (individual, collaborative) of the tasks and the conditions under which these modes are performed have been reported to play an important role in language learning. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of employing text editing tasks performed both individually and collaboratively, on the achievement of English grammar under explicit and implicit learning conditions. Eighty-four English learners participated in this study. Some text editing tasks were developed regarding the target grammatical structures and presented to the participants under the explicit and implicit learning conditions. Their gram-mar achievement was operationalized through a multiple-choice recognition test. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the effect of implicit and explicit conditions when editing tasks were performed individually, but collaborative completion of this task resulted in a significantly higher grammar achievement under explicit condition than implicit one. The comparison of the individual and collaborative performance of the task, under implicit and explicit conditions, revealed no significant difference under implicit condition. Collaborative completion of the task under explicit condition, however, proved to yield higher levels of grammar achievement when compared with the individual mode of performance.

Naqali and Pansori; stagnation and dynamism (COMPARATIVE study on two theatrical FORMS in Iran “ Pansori” is one of the traditional theatrical FORMS in south Korea that has many similarities with Persian “ Naqali” . This form of entertainment has been favored by different social classes since a long time ago and it has been performed in social, political and cultural events. While Naqali has a significant place in Persian performing arts history, this theatrical form has kept its existence in South Korea and has many performing similarities with Persian Naqali. But, the interesting speck is that this theatrical form in Korea, contrary to Naqali in Iran has been able to update itself with modern subjects, thus keeping its existence with many audiences. One of the main goals of this essay is to determine the reasons for the downturn in Naqali’ s performance and to analyze those reasons. Studying and perceiving Pansori and comparing it with Naqali can familiarize us with an important theatrical format in another culture. Also considering the roots of ancient theatrical FORMS in eastern countries and categorizing their similarities can uncover a similar cultural pattern, thus developing a wider theoretical horizon. In this article, while familiarising with Pansori and its performing methods, we will mention the subjects, the stories and in that order, we will analyze the reasons for the mentioned thesis. The query of the research is to find out how with all the similarities to Naqali, Pansori was able to transform itself into a modernized and popular form of drama while this did not happen for Naqali. And if we can find a way to upgrade the performance form of Naqali with the results of this comparison.

Simple past tense of verbs in both Russian and Persian languages indicates to an action which happened in the past. In spite of this similarity, the writers of the present paper have shown that there are many and crucial differences in both FORMS and meanings of simple past verbs in this two languages. There is a grammatical category in Russian language called "aspect" of the verb, which widely affects on the meanings of verbs in past tense. But these differences in the meanings of the verbs in Persian language are shown and expressed through the different FORMS of the verbs.